Brush



April 2, 1957 H. R. ABBREcl-rr BRUSH 4 Shee'tS-Sheek 1 Filed Dec. 20,` 1950 'ro esta .0h01 OHIHO,

FIGS

4 INVENTOR.

HERMANN RABBRECHT ATTORNEZ April 2, 1957 H. R. ABBRECHT 2,787,017

` BRUSH Filed nec. 2o, 195o 4 sheets-sheet 2 INVENTOR.

HERMANN nAaanecnT Y f BY ATTORNEYS 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 H'. R. ABBRECHT BRUSH April 2, 1957 Filed Dec. 20, 1950 0 2 mm F uvm/701e.

HERMANN R. ABBRECHT BY ATTQRNEZS @MEIN FIG26.

April 2, 1957 H. R. ABBRECHT 2,787,017

BRUSH 4 Filed D60. 20, 1950 4 Sheets-51186K 4 F|G.32. H653. m6543656 Fleas. Flse. 536

MINIMUM 3 4 www@ 1': :f k 53+ i386 *M386 FIGAS INVENToR. F|G.46 FIGA? HERMANN n ABBREcHT BRUSH Hermann R. Abbrecht, Birmingham, Mich.

Application December 20, 1950, Serial No. 201,820

4 Claims. (Cl. 15--205) 4The present invention relates t-o brushes and more particularly to a brush characterized by the novel means for supporting the liller material.

ift is an object of the present invention to provide a rotary brush capable of being used at high speed operation without `the possibility of the filler shifting in use.

lt is a feature of the present invention to provide a brush comprising essentially a channel structure and a filler retainer located in the channel extending upwardly of the channel from the botto-rn wall of the channel, the bottom wall of the channel supporting the retainer against movement.

Other objects and features of the invention will become apparent as the description proceeds, especially when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

`Figure l is a longitudinal sectional view of an integral support and retainer structure used in producing brushes in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 2 is a side elevation of a brush partly in section, constructed from the e-lement shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a sectional view on the line 3 3 Figure 2.

nited States Patent Figure 4 is a View similar to Figure 1 illustrating an- .other embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a fragmentary side elevation of a portion of a combined support and retainer element.

Figure 6 is a section on the line 10-10, Figure r5.

Figure 7 is a sectional view similar `to Figure 6 showing another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 8 is a. perspective view partly in section, showing a brush constructed from the supporting member shown in Figure 7. 4

Figure 9 is a fragmentary side elevation similar to Figure 5, showing `a modified support member.

yFigure 10 is a transverse sectional view through a brush illustrating another modiie-d construction.

Figure 1l is a side elevation partly in section, of a brush constructed in accordance with another modification of the present invention.

Figure 12 is a transverse sectional view through a brush illustrating a modification thereof.

Figure 13 is a sectional view similar to Figure 12, illustrating yet another modification thereof.

Figure 14 is a fragmentary perspective View illustrating a helically formed brush produced from an elongated supporting member of the type disclosed herein.

Figure 15 is a sectional view illustrating yet another modification thereof.

Figure 16 is a fragmentary perspective View illustrating a specific modification of the filler retainer element.

`Figure 17 is a fragmentary perspective View illustrating yet another inediti-cation of the filler retainer element.

Figure 1S is a perspective view partly in section, illustrating a comple-ted brush embodying the supporting member shown in Figure 17.

vFigure 19 is a fragmentary section on the line Z55-25, Figure 18.

Figure 20 is a front elevation with parts broken away, illustrating a modified construction of brush.

Figure 2l is a developed. sectional view on the line 27-27, Figure 20.

Figure 22 is a transverse `sectional View fon the 28-23, Figure 21. Y

Figure 23 is a transverse sectional view on the line ESL-29, Figure 21.

Figure 24 is a longitudinal transverse section through a filler supporting structure illustrating another modification of the present invention.

Figure 25 is a sectional view similar to Figure 24 illustrating yet another modification of the present invention.

Figure 26 is a front elevationrwith parts broken away, illustrating yet another modification of the present invention.

Figure 27 is a transverse sectional View through the iiller retainer structure illustrated in Figure 26.

Figur-e 28 is a section on the line 34-34, Figure 27.

Figure 29 is a perspective view illustrating a novel method of producing brushes in accordance with the present invention. Y

Figure 30 is a transverse sectional view through a brush constructed by the method illustrated in Figure 29.

Figure 3l is a front elevation of a modified form of brush in which part of the filler material has been omitted.

Figure 32 is a .section on the line 18S-38, Figure 31.

Figure 33 is a front elevation .of a modiiied form of brush with portions of the iiller material omitted.

Figure 34 is a section o-n the line 4th-40, Figure 33.

Figure 35 is a sectional view through a modied combined support and retainer similar to that illustrated in Figure 34.

yFigure 36 is a transverse sectional view through another combined support and retainer.

Figure 37 is a front elevational view of a moditied brush construction.

Figure 38 is a sectional View on the line i4-44, Figure 37.

Figure 39 is a section on the line 45-45, Figure 37.

Figure 40 is a front elevation of a modified brush construction.

Figure 4l is a sectional view on the line 47-47, Figure 40.

Figure 42 is a transverse sectional view on the line 48-48, Figure 40.

Figure 43 is a front elevational view of a modified brush construction.

Figure 44 is a section on the line Eil- 50, Figure 43.

Figure 45 is a plan view of the sheet metal construction employed in producing the brush illustrated in Figures 43 and 44.

Figure 46 illustrates the application of brushes .of the type described herein to a rotary holder.

Figure 47 is a section on the line 53-53, Figure 46.

-One of the most serious problems to be overcome before rotary brushes can be employed for high speed brushing operations is to support the filler material in such a way that it is firmly held even under very high `speed rotation. According to the present invention, this is accomplished by a construction in which a channel shaped support element is provided with a filler retainer which is rigidly supported from the bottom wall of the channel. The construction is extremely simple and offers important advantages as regards cost and simplicity of manufacture even though applied to straight brushes. The present invention contemplates the provision of either straight or circular brushes. In the case of circular brushes they may be formed initially from tuline ` bular material, the ends of which are formed outwardly torprovide .generally radially extending anges which are crimped in to assist in holding the filler material. Alternatively, circular brushes lmay be produced by forming elongatedV straight brushesgshaping the supporting structure of` theA straight brush vinto annular form and Welding, brazing or otherwise permanently securing the ends of the supporting structure together.y

Inthe case of a brush formed initially from tubular stock, it is possible to provide a structurally independent brush-retainer, although as will presently appear, it is ordinarily preferable to form the channel shaped supporting element and the iiller retainer element integral.

Referring'- now to the drawings, in Figure 1 there is illustrated an element to be used in the production. of brush ..st ructure shown-.in Figures 2 and 3. This' eleinent comprises a tubular portion 10 having a fiat annular radially extending portion indicat-ed generally at 12, including .ian outer continuous annular barportion 11i` and'radiallyV extending separator portions i6 rwhich connect the bar portion to the tubular portion 1Q, the Aspa-ces between the separator elements 16 and the annular bar 14'being ller receiving openings designated 18. Filler material HZtl in the required amount is introduced vthrough the openings 18 and-the ends of the tubular element 10 are Acrimped outwardly to form channel side Wall portions 22 and 24 connected by the bottom wall 26. The side wall portions 22 and 24 are crimped inwardly to firmly lock the doubled over filler material in `the position best illustrated in Figure 3.

Alternatively, and as seen in Figure 4, the supporting structure may comprise a tubular body 4t) onto which are pressed a .pair of annular members 42, each having .a tubular collar 44 thereon. The members 42 are apertured 'as indicated at 46 to provide the necessary filler receiving'openings.

vThe structure so far described related to the manu facture of a' circular brush from elements which are esscntially annular in character. However, the present invention is not limited tothe production of circular brushes o`f"'the` foregoing type. Instead, elongated brush structure may be produced from the supporting structure illustrated in Figures 5 "and 6l In these figures an elongated strip 50 is shown as formed fromy dat stock which is' crimped at its 'center to provide a iiller retainer 52 having iiller receiving openings 54 therein. As best seenjiinj Figure 5, the ller receiving openings 54 are spaced apart an-d are separated by separatorr elements SS. The sides 56 and 57 of the strip inthe completed article are bent outwardly to extend generally parallel toit'the .filler retainer 52 after the filler material hasbeen introduced'in desired quantities throughthe openings54.

In Figure 7 there is illustrated a slight modification of the'structureof Figures Sand 6. In this case the strip diiers in that the filler retainer :'58 instead of being formed of a doubled portion intermediate the edges of the` strip, is a single integral outwardly extendingiiange. Filler' receiving openings 60 are provided as before and the edges 62 and 64 of the strip are adapted to be bent upwardly after the filler material has been introduced into the openings 60. In Figure 8 a completed brush is shownemploying the supporting structure of Figure 7, the filler naaterialrbeing shown at 66.

i Referring now to Figure9 there is illustrated a modied construction in which the openings 68 through the filler retainer 71B are not elongated as inthe. modifications previously described, but instead are circular and are spaced apart a Asubstantial distance. This typerof supporting structure is particularly useful in the production of la tufted brush.

While in the foregoing embodiments ofthe invention the side walls of the channel have been illustrated as extending outwardly beyond the intermediate filler retainer, in Figure 10 the filler. retainer 72 is illustratedasA extending. outwardly beyond the'side Walls 74 and 76 of the channel. The iiller material 78'extends through the 4 filler receiving openings 8i) in the filler retainer, which in this construction is illustrated as integral' with ano' extending outwardly from the bottom wall 82 of the channel.

Referring now to Figure l1 there is illustrated a brush having a relatively large annular supporting structure 35 which may initially be produced in elongated continuous formation such as illustrated in. Figures 5-10. After the filler material 86 has beenintroduced into the openings S8 in the filler retainer 90, and the flanges 92 bent upwardlyfrom the'sidewalls of`th`e-channel, the ends of the elongated structure maybe-welded, brazed or otherwise permanently interconnected as shown at 94. It will be appreciated that before forming the elongated supporting structure into the annular arrangement illustrated in Figure 11, the Vends 0f the supporting structure must include portions of the separator elements 96.

Referring now to Figure-12 there is illustrated a crosssectional View throughza Vmodified form of the present invention. ln this case the supporting structure is formed fromthin stock inwhich the central portion is bent upwardly to provide a fold=forming the filler retainer 160, the side walls of which, as indicated at 102 and Md, are `spaced apart a `substantial.distance. The ller material N6. extends through openings-108 formed in the walls 192 and 104 and is retained in place-by side walls 119 and 112 which are bent upwardly and crimped inwardly. The arrangement illustrated provides two axially spaced annular arrays of filler material.

In Figure 13 there is illustrated a slightly modified construction in Whichsthe filler retainer 11d has side walls 116 land 11S-which are spaced apart and which also diverge outwardly. The filler material 120 extends through openings'122 formed-in the wallsi.1'15 and 11S, and the edges of the supportare formed upwardly to provide side walls 124 and.126 forretainingthe filler material in position. This. construction. provides two axially spaced circular arrays ofiller material which'extend outwardly in essentially conical formation.

Referring now toFigure 14tliere is illustrated in perspective a brush-in which lthe supporting structure 139 is. coiled. into' substantially helical`- formation thus providing a continuous-*helical array'of filler material 2,32.

Referring nowtoFigure l'Sthere is illustrated a modiiication brush construction. Inrthis case the supporting structure comprises aside wall 144, a bottom wall 146, andi a retainer ldhaving filler' receiving openings 150 therein; The'. -ller material 1'5'2- extends through the openings 150. The filler retainer 148 is located substantially midway between the sidesof the bottom wallv M6. The supporting s'tructureiswo'und inla closed helix, that is, with the edges of the bottom wall-146 of one convolution engaging the edges of thebottom wall of the-next adjacent convolution. In other words, thercis positive means for spacing the side lwalls'Idi.

Referring now to Figure lth'er'e is illustrated amodification of the present invention which accentuates its adaptability to Aproduce brushes=of widely differing characteristics. in this case the supporting structure cornprises a strip including'afller retainer 117()` having openings 172 and 174.' formedtherein. The. openings 172 and 174 are provided in pairs which-are in registration with each other longitudinally of the strip, the opening V172 being disposed outwardly with respectto the opening 174. In this construction filler materiaL-having different characteristics may be. introdueed'fthrough the openings 172 and 1.74jthus producinga nisliedlbrush in which the filler material comprises a central. portion having one desiredV characteristic and an outer portion having a dit` ferent characteristic. The strip includes side edges 176 and 178 which may. be bent upwardly into channel formation to provide the side walls of the channel as in the embodiments previously described. Obviously, either thc retainer or the side wallsoffthe" channelmay bestepped or otherwise shaped as required to provide for independaranci? ent gripping of the ller adjacent the openings inthe retainer. j

Referring now to Figure l'/ there is illustrated a modilied construction comprising a strip l@ having a filler retainer 182 extending outwardly from its mid-portion. The filler retainer 182 is provided with openings 184 and 186, it being understood that the relatively narrow openings 184 and the relatively wide openings 186 are alternated. The strip 180 includes the side edge portions 188 and 190 which may be bent upwardly into channel formation after the ller material has been inserted through the openings 182 and 184. The completed brush is illustrated in Figures l8 and 19, in which it will be observed that the side edges 188 and 1% are crimped inwardly a greater distance as indicated at E92 opposite to the relatively small openings 184, than they are as indicated at 194, opposite to the relatively large openings 186.

Referring now to Figures -23 there is illustrated yet another modified construction. In this case the brush is shown as of annular formation and means are provided for separating the filler material 200 into tufts. In order to produce this result the filler retainer structure best seen in Figures 2l-23, is employed. The ller retainer structure comprises a pair of transversely sinuously curved rings 202 which contact the side walls 204 of the channel support 206 at spaced points as indicated at 2%, and which then extend toward each other and engage each other at longitudinally spaced points 210. The rings 202 are provided with registering openings 2l2 for the reception of the filler material Zilli.

A somewhat modified construction is illustrated in Figure 24 in which the retainer comprises a pair of elongated elements 214 which are bent to provide at portions 216 engaging the side walls 218 of the supporting -channel 220. Adjacent each end of each flat portion 216 the elements extend generally directly inwardly of the channel as indicated at 222, and the elements 214 have central flat portions in abutment as indicated at 224, at which point the enlarged filler receiving openings 226 are provided. This provides a more desirable grouping of the iiller material 228 into tufts and further permits the tufts to be of any desired size and spaced apart any desired distance.

Referring now to Figure 25 there is illustrated a modified construction in which the channel member 230 receives a filler retainer232 which is transversely sinuously curved into zigzag formation to extend from one side wall 234 to the other side wall 236 of the channel 236i. Each diagonally extending portion of the tiller material is provided with an opening 238 through which a portion of filler material 24) extends. Obviously, two adjacent diagonally extending portions of the filler retainer together with an adjacent side wall of the channel denes a generally triangular shaped pocket which receives one .side of the filler material extending through both of the adjacent openings 238.

Referring now to Figures 26-28 there is illustrated yet another embodiment of the present invention. ln this case the brush is illustrated asof annular form and comprises the channel 250 having a bottom Wall 252, and side walls 254 and 256. rIhe ller retainer 25S is illustrated as integral with the material of the channel and it is provided with a plurality of filler receiving openings 260 through which the filler material 262 extends. ln this modification the material of the filler retainer 258 which is cutout to define the openings 26), is heut outwardly into the tangs 262 and 264 whichpartially define pockets for supporting portions of the ller material so as to provide a tufted brush formation.

lt will be appreciated that the specific modification of the filler retainer shown in Figures l2, 13, and lr6-28 are applicable alike to. the.production ofbrushes formed initially from a straight channel section as illustrated in Figurev 8', Whether the .brush remains a straight brush or is subsequently shaped to provide an annular brush of the type disclosed in Figure ll or a helical brush disclosed in Figure 14. Moreover, the specific modifications of the ller retainer shown in these figures are applicable also to the brush in which the channel member is initially formed as a tubular element, the ends of which are flared and shaped outwardly to provide the side walls of the channel in the completed brush.

Referring now to Figure 29 there is illustrated a novel method of constructing brushes in accordance with the present invention. According to this method a continuous strip of sheet metal 270 may be advanced in step-bystep relation in conjunction with a preformed ller retainer element 272 which is shaped to provide upwardly extending U-shaped portions or loops 274 and interconnecting portions 276 which are to be attached to the strip 27u. Filler material may be brought against a rear leg 278 of one of the loops 274 before the other leg is attached to the strip and thus avoid the necessity of passing the filler material endwise through a completed opening. By this method, it is therefore possible to pack filler material extremely tightly into the filler retaining loops. After the filler material has thus been introduced laterally into a partially closed loop the loop is moved down and is secured to the strip by suitable means. This may in a proper case be the result of welding by a welding electrode indicated schematically at 280, or the interconnecting portions 276 may be stapled or otherwise mechanicaily secured to the strip. Where it is possible to employ continuous filler material, the filler material may be severed to the desired length after the end portion has been thus clamped in place, two severed portions of filler material. being indicated at 232 in the drawings. rl`he brush of course is completed by bending theV edges of the strip 27d upwardly to form a channel having a bottom wall 234 and side walls 286 which clamp the filler material 282 into position.

Referring now to Figures 3l and 32 there is illustrated a modified brush which may be readily produced in accordance with the present invention. In this case continuous brush structure is provided in the form of a channel 29d having a bottom wall 292 and side walls294, in which the bottom wall 292 carries a filler retainer 296. Filler material 2% is disposed in the channel passing through openings provided between portions of the iiller retainer 2% and the bottom wall of the channel 292 as previously described. ln this case the elongated brush structure is coiled into a tight spiral as well indicated in Figure 3l, thus producing a completed brush of substantially circular cross-section and one which moreover is provided with filler material from adjacent the center thereof to the periphery thereof.

Referring now to Figures 33 and 34 there is illustrated a modified annular brush in which the filler supporting structure comprises a channel 300 having a bottom wall 392 and side walls 34M. Secured to the bottom wall 302 is the filler retainer 3% which is provided with a plurality of openings, intermediate portions thereof and the bottom wall 32, to receive the filler material 30S. This brush is initially produced from a fiat annular plate and a generally tubular annular retainer suitably secured to the plate. After the ller material has been passed through the aforesaid openings, the inner and outer edges of the annular plate are bent upwardly to form the side walls 304.

ln Figure 35 there is illustrated a slight modification in which the structure for producing the brush shown in Figure 34 is initially formed from a single annular plate. A circular portion of the plate intermediate its inner and outer edges is formed outwardly to provide the double ure thesupportng structurercomprises an-inner member' grafici? generally-,cylindrical portion 320 having openings- 322` therein; A second annular plate 3243is provided having its Yinner edge'turned inwardly vto form a generally tubu-v lar iiiler retainer portion 326 provided with openings 328.

The-portions 320 and 326'mayif desired be welded or' otherwise secured together and the brush completefd'in the same manner as the brush illustrated in Figure 33.

Referringl now to Figures 37-39 there is illustrated a modied brush. in this case the support comprises a plate 330 to Vwhich is' secured a filler retainer 332 having its central portion spaced from the plate 330 to provide an opening 334 which is of non-uniform cross-section, and as-il'lustrated in the iigure, is substantially wider adjacent itsecenter than; adjacent its ends. The iiller material 336 is introduced through the opening 334 and the edge portions'of the plate 330 are bent upwardly to form side walls 33S. Desirably, the plate 330 is initially formed to provide material to close around the ends of the brush as illustratedat 340.

Referring nowto Figures 40-42 there is illustrated a brush substantially similar to that shown in Figures 37-39 except that the opening 342 provided between the central portion of the filler retainer 344 and the bottom plate 346 is of liess width centrally than adjacent the ends thereof. In this case'the edges of the plate 346 are bent upwardly and inwardly to provide the side walls 348 which retain the filler materiali 350 in place. Again, the support is initially shaped to provide sheet material 'suthcient to form the end walls 352.

It will be observed that the modifications of Figures 37 andA 40 differ substantially in that in the rst case the brush has more iiller material adjacent its center, and inthe second case it has more filler material adjacent the ends thereof.

Referring now to Figures 43 and 44 there is illustrated al construction in which the support plate 360 and the iiller'retainer 362 areshaped to provide an arcuate opening 364 for the reception of ller material 366. By proper designy of the arcuate opening 364 the iiller material 366 may-be formed'so as to be of substantially circular crosssectionas best indicated-Figure 43.

inY Figurej 45 there is illustrated a blank suitable for the production ofthe brushillustrated in Figure 43, and in this iig-ure there is a circular central portion 370, generally arcuate portions 372, and the iller retainer element 370. Obviously, if the arcuate` portions 372 are formed upwardl-yal'ong the dotted; line 376 a brush as illustrated in Figures 43 and 44 results.

Referring now to Figures 46 and 47 *there is illustrated a use to which the brushes Ilend themselves. In these Figures there is illustrated a rotary support 380 of channel shape adapted to receive a channel shaped brush sup port 382y carrying the-filler material 384. The holder or support 380 includes arotary element 386 so that the assembly mayv be Vrotated about its axis in performing brushing operations mechanically.

While the foregoingfconstitutes a disclosure of a'relatively large number of speciiic modifications, it will be observed that the basic underlying concept of all the iliustratedembodiments remains the same. in other Words, all embodiments comprise means retaining the filler material in position which is rigidly supported by and. preferablyfis4 integral with the main brush support. Thus, in: all cases-the filler material is doubled around a supportingrelement or oar which is thus received within thefbightof'theiillermaterial and this supporting element isretainedrnrigidly spaced'relation from the bottom wall ofthe channehor other brush support. The specific modiications oftherller'retainer permit the ready production of brushes which nraybe continuous or tufted,` and which may'provide1means foremploying conjointly two or more ditrentiftypes of'illersinaterial asis sometimesrequired.

Thesprcsentrconstructiona adapts itself; readily to: the: large .i s'caleproductio of-brushsfon 'automatici machinery and thus contributesrto vthe increasedeconomy with which brushes may b e produced. A

it is desired to mention again that in the case of brushes designed for high speed rotaryoperation, the rigid support of the iilller material provided by the filler retainers as disclosed herein, permits the production of brushes which can be used at high speeds than brushes of the type' now commercially available.

Brushes'constructed in accordance with the present invention may have the channel yand filler retainer formed of metal, plastic, specially treated paper, or other material selected in accordance with the use to which the brush is to be put.- The specific lil'ler material will also be selected in accordance with the use for which the brush is' intended and may include vegetable bre, hair, wire either round or dat, flat strip material such as linen, or any other material suitable for the intended purpose.

The drawings and the foregoing speciiication constitute a description of the improved brush in such full, clear, concise and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, the scope of which is indicated by the appended claims.'

What I claim as my invention is:

l. A brush comprising a unitary, one-piece channel formed oi' thin' material and having a bottoni wall and opposed side walls, the bottom wall having a fold therein disposed to extend upwardly from the bottom of the channel and provided with transverse openings to form a iiller retainer integral with said channel and comprising a continuous upper bar spaced from the bottom wall of said' channei and rigid separator elements connecting spaced portions of said bar intermediate the ends thereof to the bottom wall of said channel, and filler material having doubled ends located Within said channel beneath said bar and between adjacent pairs ofseparat'or elements.

2. A brush as defined in claiml in which the side walls of said double fold are separated to separate the filler material into two spaced'arrays 3. A brush comprising an elongated support of generally channel shape having relatively thin bottom and side walls, said bottom wall having/anl elongated continuous upwardly extending portion intermediate said side walls constituting an elongated ller retainer provided with a longitudinally extending series of transverse openings therethrough, iiller material` extending through said openings and doubled around the portions of said retainer located outwardly of the openings from said bottom wall, the sidewalls of said support being pressedl inwardly to compress the portion of the ller material between said side walls and said retainer.

4. A brush as deiined' in claim 3 in which said retainer is shaped to provide two laterally spaced walls connected by a central web.

References Cited in the file of` this patent UNITED STATES. PATENTS 66,606 McGill July 9, 1867 390,715 Strickel Oct. 9, 1888 445,005 MahlerV Jan. 20, 1891 670,894 Emery Mar. 26, 1901 968,820 Vardell Aug. 30, 1910 1,240,604 Rasmesen Sept. 18, 1917 1,722,479 Nickels July 30, 1929v 1,878,323 Quistl `Sept.,20, 1932" 1,922,752 Vogler Aug. 15, 1933 2,023,434 Nagl Dec. 10, 1935 2,045,373 Scully `lune 23, 1936 2,062,047 Bickel Nov. 24, 1936 2,149,890 Kilburg Y Mar. 7, 1939 2,296,922 Gross Sept. 29, 1942 FOREIGN PATENTS 203,797 Great Britain: Sept. 17, 1923` 

